Ifumbire mvaruganda nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byubuhinzi bugezweho. Iyi fumbire, nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ni ihuriro ryintungamubiri ibimera bikenera. Baha abahinzi igisubizo cyoroshye gitanga ibihingwa nibintu byose bikenewe muburyo bumwe. Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwifumbire mvaruganda ku isoko, buri kimwe kijyanye nibikenerwa by ibihingwa hamwe nubutaka.
Ibyiciro rusange byifumbire mvaruganda bishingiye kubintungamubiri. Intungamubiri eshatu nyamukuru ibimera bikenera ni azote (N), fosifore (P) na potasiyumu (K). Ifumbire ya NPK izwiho kuba irimo intungamubiri muburyo butandukanye. Kurugero, ifumbire mvaruganda ifite igipimo cya 20-20-20 izaba irimo azote ingana na azote, fosifore, na potasiyumu. Bikwiriye gukoreshwa muri rusange, iyi fumbire iringaniza iteza imbere muri rusange ibihingwa no gutera imbere.
Usibye ifumbire ya NPK, hari n'ifumbire mvaruganda yihariye igenewe ibihingwa byihariye cyangwa imiterere y'ubutaka. Kurugero, ifumbire mvaruganda irimo azote nyinshi, nka 30-10-10, ningirakamaro kubihingwa bisaba azote nyinshi, nk'imboga rwatsi. Ku rundi ruhande, ifumbire mvaruganda irimo fosifore nyinshi (nka 10-30-10) ni nziza mu guteza imbere imizi no kurabyo. Ifumbire mvaruganda imwe nimwe irimo intungamubiri za kabiri nka calcium, magnesium, na sulfuru bifite akamaro kanini kubuzima bwibimera.
Ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa mu mirima itandukanye, harimo ubuhinzi, guhinga, ndetse no guhinga urugo. Mu rwego rw'ubuhinzi, ifumbire mvaruganda ikoreshwa cyane mu buhinzi bunini kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere kandi ukomeze uburumbuke bw'ubutaka. Birashobora gukoreshwa nkigipimo fatizo mugihe cyo gutegura ubutaka, cyangwa nkimyambarire yo hejuru mugihe cyihinga. Abarimyi benshi kandi bishingira ifumbire mvaruganda kugirango bagaburire ibimera, byaba imboga, imbuto cyangwa indabyo z'umurimbo. Ndetse n'abahinzi-borozi bato murugo barashobora kungukirwa no korohereza ifumbire mvaruganda, cyane cyane iyo bakuze ubwoko butandukanye bwibimera bisaba intungamubiri zitandukanye.
Imikorere y'ifumbire mvaruganda ntabwo itanga intungamubiri gusa kubimera. Izi fumbire nazo zigira uruhare mu buzima bwubutaka no kuramba. Ukoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda iringaniye, abahinzi barashobora kwirinda gukoresha cyane intungamubiri runaka, zishobora gutera ubusumbane bwintungamubiri no kwangiza ubutaka. Byongeye kandi, ifumbire mvaruganda ifite imiterere-irekura buhoro irashobora kwemeza intungamubiri zigihe kirekire kandi zihamye kubihingwa. Ibi bigabanya ibyago byo gutunga intungamubiri n’imyanda, bikagabanya kwanduza ibidukikije.
Mu gusoza, ifumbire mvaruganda igira uruhare runini mubuhinzi bwa kijyambere n'imboga. Kuva ku ifumbire ya NPK kugeza ku mvange yihariye, hari ifumbire mvaruganda itandukanye kugirango ihuze ibikenerwa bitandukanye by ibihingwa nubutaka. Gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda ntabwo iteza imbere imikurire niterambere gusa, ahubwo binagira uruhare mubuzima bwubutaka no kuramba. Waba umuhinzi munini cyangwa umurimyi murugo, kwinjiza ubwoko bwiza bwifumbire mvaruganda mubikorwa byawe byo gucunga ubutaka birashobora kongera umusaruro mwinshi nimbaraga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-10-2023